The lightness or darkness of an object is called value. Values range from white to black with a number of shades of grey in between. Each object you draw has its own value that can be replicated in a drawing.
Values can apply to both black and white and color art forms.
Value is one of the Elements of Art.
Shading is . . .
The lines or other marks used to fill in outlines of a sketch, engraving, or painting to represent gradations of color or darkness. A small variation, gradation, or difference. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/shading
ACRYLIC PAINT VALUE SHADING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJzajCrd9w0
VALUE SHADING WITH COLORED PENCIL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJzajCrd9w0
What is your shading style? As we begin learning to shade, it is important to understand what your personal technique style is. There is a wide range of styles that range from very tight (clean, smooth, neat and precise) to loose (controlled chaos, movement.and line work) and everywhere in between. No matter what your style, showing strong values is key to successful artworks.
Please write the word and definition in your sketchbook.
Value- An element of art that describes the relative lightness or darkness of a color
Shading - Using drawing tools to create variation of the light falling on a surface.
Gradation - The gradual, often subtle change from light to dark, rough to smooth, or from one hue to another.
Tone - The many value gradations in the value scale between white and black.
Highlight - The portion of an object that, from the observer's position, receives the greatest amount of direct light
Shadow - The darker value on the surface of an object that gives the illusion that a portion of it is turned away from or obscured by the source of light.
Cast Shadow - The dark area that occurs on a surface as a result of something being placed between that surface and a light source.
Stipple - to paint, draw, engrave, or apply in small points or dots to suggest value (Light and Shadow)
Hatching - Using a series of closely spaced parallel lines to suggest value (Light and Shadow).
Cross-Hatching - A series of lines that run in different directions and cross over one another producing a modeling effect without tonal gradation.
Chiaroscuro - Modeling, the gradual blending of light to dark to create a three-dimensional illusion.
Light Source - The natural or artificial light that is shining on the objects being drawn. There may be more than one light source.
Highlights, Midtones and Shadows
CREATING THE ILLUSION OF FORM
The aim of realist value drawing is to accurately illustrate the form or 3D quality of objects using highlights, mid-tones and shadows
Write and Answer the following questions in your sketchbook about the video. What 3 things will influence how smooth your shading is? 1. 2. 3.
What kind of pencil motion do you use to create a smooth texture? Shade an example in your sketchbook.
Value Scale
One of the best ways to become familiar with values is to draw a value scale. It can be quite difficult to determine how much darker one value should be than the previous one, and to create nine steps of values without looking at a completed scale. This exercise is all about comparing values, which trains your eye to see subtle value changes. Your ability to see and draw these value shifts will determine how convincingly you can create form, depth, space and atmosphere in your drawings. http://www.thedrawingsource.com/value-scale.html
Below is an example of a graphite, paint and colored pencil value scale. In your sketchbook, draw 3 long thin rectangles (approximately 9" x 1") Divide each rectangle into 1"sections. Label each box 1 to 9. The number 1 box should be left white. Starting with box 2, begin lightly shading or painting in the boxes using smooth shading. Each box should gradually get darker as it heads toward the number 9 box. The number 9 box should be as black or dark as your pencil or paint can get it.
For the painted scale, add white to the lighter colors and black to the darker colors. The actual paint color should be in box 6. The last block should be almost all black with just a hint of the color chosen for the scale. Always add the darker color into the lighter color. You should add very little at a time since the darker color quickly over takes the lighter color. You will need to mix only a small amount of paint for each box.
For the colored pencil scale, use a white colored pencil and a black colored pencil to your main color. Choose a fully saturated color rather than one that is a tint (light version like pink) or shade (a darker version like Navy). Also avoid using yellow or brown.
Please create three 9 step value scale in your sketchbook using pencil, paint and colored pencil.
Tips
Place a scrap piece of paper under your hand to prevent smearing
Go lighter than you think it should be. It doesn't take too much of a change to move to the next value and it is easy to jump to quickly to atone that is too dark.
It is better to have to darken an area rather than erasing out an area that is too dark.
Stay inside your box lines, shade each box separately, and use the smooth shading technique.
In your sketch, try each of the techniques illustrated in the video. Your circles should be about 1" to 1 1/2".
DRAWING TECHNIQUES: use these techniques to shade, create textures, and diversify objects in your art Tonal Shading, Scumble/Unruled Line, Smudge, Hatching, Cross-Hatching, Stippling/Pointallism, Using Accent Lines